Aims. Cutaneous leishmaniasis, endemic in many parts of I.R.IRAN, is considered a big health problem. The aim of this survey was to find out the vectors and reservoirs of the disease.

Methods. The present study was carried out in Taibad (Khorasan proveince in the east of I.R.IRAN). Throughout this two-year study (1999-2000) sand- flies with sticky traps were collected. The sand-flies’ fauna and their seasonal abundance were identified. In addition, in order to find out the reservoir of the diseases the rodents of the area were collected.

Results. This study showed that the Ph. sergenti is the most common species in the area. It must be noted that other epidemiological evidence in Taibad was indicative of the existence of anthroponotic Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Furthermore, Cutaneous leishmaniasis has been increasing since 1996.

Conclusoin. Based on the finding of this study, distribution of rural sand flies in Taibad, non- identified carriers of leishmaniasis and not contamination of collected rodents it seems that common leishmaniasis is the urban type. Confirmation requires molecular research.